{"id":189,"date":"2017-08-01T12:24:42","date_gmt":"2017-08-01T11:24:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/?p=189"},"modified":"2017-08-01T12:24:42","modified_gmt":"2017-08-01T11:24:42","slug":"we-do-culture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/2017\/08\/01\/we-do-culture\/","title":{"rendered":"We do culture"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dear interested reader, colleagues, friends and families,<\/p>\n<p>we are still moving through the Atlantic Ocean, sampling seafloor sediments and different water bodies in up to 5100 m depth. We are interested in all forms of life, many range in size between 0.0000001\u00a0m for microbes and 1\u00a0m for the mahi-mahi fish. Our main interests are the biggest microbes, the single-celled eukaryotes (protists), in the deep sea and we collect and fix or freeze them for later analysis in the home lab in Cologne. But there is also a wonderful technique to investigate them already on board and to bring them home alive: we do culture. Our samples contain mainly water, that is the habitat for a diversity of protists. The water volume is distributed into many wells, diluting the diversity step by step. Eventually, we want to have a single cell and its descendants isolated. You may imagine that the dilution steps multiply our work dramatically. The sheer number of samples leads to hundreds of culture bottles and requires the daily work of many helping hands (Image 1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Once we get a sample from the multicorer or the CTD rosette sampler, a bit of water is given into a culture bottle. It already contains cereal grass or quinoa, which are the carbon source for bacteria. They are the ones eaten up by protists. Johanna Ahlers, Yana Feuling and Ren\u00e9 Meissner are Bachelor students from Cologne and, with the help of our Master and PhD students, they take care for the protist cultures. \u201cEach day we hope to find a pure culture, but it is not easy to do work under sterile conditions on the ship\u201d, explain Yana and Johanna. They get fresh sea water (using the famous bucket on board, the \u201cP\u00fctz\u201d) and boil it to destroy all microbes, which would contaminate the pure cultures. Ren\u00e9 will write his Bachelor thesis about the work and adds, \u201cSometimes, I look through over 400 culture bottles per day\u201d. Their efforts are convincing, they found already amazing species and will have the first isolates from the deep seafloor soon. Some of those protists can be studied on the ship (see the last blog, \u201cProtists under pressure\u201d) and they will receive even more attention in our laboratories in Cologne. It will be exciting, which function they might have in the food web to regulate the carbon flux in the ocean.<\/p>\n<p>Your M139 team<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;<\/p>\n<p>Liebe interessierte Leser, Kollegen, Freunde und liebe Familien,<\/p>\n<p>wir bewegen uns immer noch durch den Atlantischen Ozean und beproben den Meeresgrund sowie verschiedene Wasserk\u00f6rper in bis zu 5100 m Tiefe. Dabei interessieren wir uns f\u00fcr jede Form von Leben, viel bewegt sich in der Gr\u00f6\u00dfenordnung zwischen 0,0000001 m f\u00fcr Mikroben und 1 m f\u00fcr die Goldmakrele. Wir konzentrieren uns auf die gr\u00f6\u00dften Mikroben, die eukaryotischen Einzeller (Protisten), in der Tiefsee. F\u00fcr ihre Erforschung fixieren wir sie und frieren sie tief f\u00fcr ihre sp\u00e4tere Analyse im Labor in K\u00f6ln und teilweise hier an Bord. Aber es gibt auch eine wunderbare Technik sie schon an Bord zu erforschen und sie lebend nach Hause zu bringen: Wir kultivieren sie. Unsere Proben bestehen haupts\u00e4chlich aus Wasser, das den Lebensraum f\u00fcr eine Diversit\u00e4t an Protisten darstellt. Das Wasservolumen wird mehrfach aufgeteilt, wodurch die Diversit\u00e4t schrittweise reduziert wird. Letztendlich m\u00f6chten wir damit einzelne Individuen und ihre Nachkommen isolieren. Sie k\u00f6nnen sich vorstellen, dass sich unsere Arbeit durch die Verd\u00fcnnungsschritte dramatisch vervielfacht. Die schiere Anzahl an Proben f\u00fchrt zu Hunderten von Kulturflaschen und verlangt die t\u00e4gliche Arbeit von vielen helfenden H\u00e4nden (Bild 1-6).<\/p>\n<p>Sobald wir eine Probe aus dem Multicorer oder dem CTD-Kranzwassersch\u00f6pfer erhalten haben, wird ein bisschen Wasser davon in eine Kulturflasche gegeben. Diese enth\u00e4lt bereits Weizen oder Quinoa, was als Kohlenstoffquelle f\u00fcr die Bakterien dient. Diese wiederum werden von den Protisten verspeist. Johanna Ahlers, Yana Feuling und Ren\u00e9 Meissner sind K\u00f6lner Bachelor-Studenten und k\u00fcmmern sich mit Hilfe unserer Master-Studenten und Doktoranden um die Kultivierung der Protisten. \u201eWir hoffen jeden Tag eine reine Kultur zu finden, allerdings ist steriles Arbeiten hier an Bord ziemlich schwierig\u201c, erkl\u00e4ren Yana und Johanna. Sie nehmen frisches Meerwasser f\u00fcr die Kulturen (dabei kommt der ber\u00fchmte Bordeimer zum Einsatz, die \u201eP\u00fctz\u201c) und kochen es, um die Mikroben darin zu zerst\u00f6ren. Diese w\u00fcrden die Kulturen verunreinigen. Ren\u00e9 wird u.a. dar\u00fcber seine Bachelorarbeit schreiben und f\u00fcgt hinzu \u201emanchmal \u00fcberpr\u00fcfe ich \u00fcber 400 Kulturflaschen pro Tag\u201c. Ihre Arbeit ist vielversprechend, sie haben bereits aufregende Arten gefunden und haben bald erste Isolate vom Meeresgrund erzeugt. Manche dieser Protisten werden schon an Bord n\u00e4her untersucht (lesen Sie dazu den letzten Blog, \u201eProtists under pressure\u201c) und werden in unseren Laboren in K\u00f6ln noch mehr Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Es wird spannend sein, welche spezifische Funktionen sie im Nahrungsnetz einnehmen, um die Kohlenstofffl\u00fcsse im Ozean zu regulieren.<\/p>\n<p>Ihr M139-Team<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_191\" style=\"width: 478px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-191\" class=\"wp-image-191 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/MG_3878-468x312.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"468\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/MG_3878-468x312.jpg 468w, https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/MG_3878-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/MG_3878-1024x683.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-191\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image 1 | Preparing culture bottles. (Photo: Johannes Werner)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_192\" style=\"width: 478px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-192\" class=\"wp-image-192 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/MG_5012-468x312.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"468\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/MG_5012-468x312.jpg 468w, https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/MG_5012-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/MG_5012-1024x683.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-192\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image 2 | Preparing culture bottles. (Photo: Johannes Werner)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_194\" style=\"width: 478px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-194\" class=\"wp-image-194 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/IMG_7487-468x312.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"468\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/IMG_7487-468x312.jpg 468w, https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/IMG_7487-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/IMG_7487-1024x683.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-194\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image 3 | Preparing culture bottles. (Photo: Johannes Werner)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_193\" style=\"width: 478px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-193\" class=\"wp-image-193 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/MG_5022-468x312.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"468\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/MG_5022-468x312.jpg 468w, https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/MG_5022-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/MG_5022-1024x683.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-193\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image 4 | Preparing culture bottles. (Photo: Johannes Werner)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_195\" style=\"width: 478px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-195\" class=\"wp-image-195 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/IMG_4651-468x312.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"468\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/IMG_4651-468x312.jpg 468w, https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/IMG_4651-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/IMG_4651-1024x683.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-195\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image 5 | Analyzing culture bottles. (Photo: Johannes Werner)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_196\" style=\"width: 478px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-196\" class=\"wp-image-196 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/MG_7526-468x312.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"468\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/MG_7526-468x312.jpg 468w, https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/MG_7526-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2017\/08\/MG_7526-1024x683.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-196\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image 6 | A part of the culture collection. (Photo: Johannes Werner)<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dear interested reader, colleagues, friends and families, we are still moving through the Atlantic Ocean, sampling seafloor sediments and different water bodies in up to 5100 m depth. We are interested in all forms of life, many range in size between 0.0000001\u00a0m for microbes and 1\u00a0m for the mahi-mahi fish. Our main interests are the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":183,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-deep-sea"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/183"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=189"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":197,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189\/revisions\/197"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=189"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=189"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/m139\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=189"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}