{"id":363,"date":"2014-10-01T13:04:20","date_gmt":"2014-10-01T13:04:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/?p=363"},"modified":"2014-10-08T14:00:11","modified_gmt":"2014-10-08T14:00:11","slug":"what-is-a-3d-cube","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/2014\/10\/01\/what-is-a-3d-cube\/","title":{"rendered":"What is a 3D cube?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Since the 27th of September, we are collecting 3D seismic data above the mud volcano area.<\/p>\n<p>The aim of collecting such data is to look into the seafloor sediments in the three directions of space: X (latitude), Y (longitude) and Z (depth) and identify the geological features and structures present underneath.<\/p>\n<p>The information given by the data will help us to better understand how the mud volcano emplaced but, overall, it will allow us to identify, locate and characterize the Bottom-Simulating Reflector (BSR), what we are looking for in this cruise.<\/p>\n<p>Indeed, as mentioned previously in the &#8220;About&#8221; page of the blog, the aim of the cruise (ORV1415) is to collect 2D and 3D seismic data in order to identify the presence of a BSR in the two targeted areas (horseshoe shape structure and mud volcano).<\/p>\n<p>The BSR corresponds in the seismic data to a reflector of strong amplitude, usually of reverse polarity compared to the seafoor, that mimics the topography of the targeted area (picture 1). This BSR indicates the base of the Gas Hydrate Stability Zone (GHZS) which corresponds to an area where Gas Hydrates (GH) are stable within the sediment due to favorable conditions of pressure and temperature.<\/p>\n<p>Recognition of\u00a0 such features\u00a0 offshore Taiwan is important since the island lacks fossil fuel energies. Gas Hydrates are thus considered in Taiwan as potential future energy source of great importance.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_450\" style=\"width: 490px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2014\/10\/BSR-Formosa.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-450\" src=\"http:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2014\/10\/BSR-Formosa-480x223.jpg\" alt=\"Recognition of a BSR (Bottom-Simulating Reflector; dashed line) below the Formosa Ridge (Taiwan). &lt;em&gt; Identification d'un BSR au niveau de la ride s\u00e9dimentaire de Formosa (Ta\u00efwan). Illustration: modified from Christian Berndt\" width=\"480\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2014\/10\/BSR-Formosa-480x223.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2014\/10\/BSR-Formosa.jpg 993w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-450\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Recognition of a BSR (Bottom-Simulating Reflector; dashed line) below the Formosa Ridge (Taiwan). <em> Identification d&#8217;un BSR au niveau de la ride s\u00e9dimentaire de Formosa (Ta\u00efwan). Illustration: modified from Christian Berndt<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p><em>Depuis le 27 septembre, nous collectons des donn\u00e9es de sismique r\u00e9flexion 3D au-dessus de la zone d&#8217;\u00e9tude des volcans de boue.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>L&#8217;objectif d&#8217;acqu\u00e9rir de telles donn\u00e9es est d&#8217;imager, \u00e0 haute r\u00e9solution, les s\u00e9diments du fond marin dans les trois directions de l&#8217;espace : X (latitude), Y (longitude) et Z (profondeur) afin d&#8217;identifier les structures g\u00e9ologiques pr\u00e9sentes.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Les informations recueillies nous permettent de mieux comprendre comment les volcans de boue se sont mis en place au cours du temps ainsi que d&#8217;identifier, localiser et caract\u00e9riser un r\u00e9flecteur bien particulier appel\u00e9 &#8220;BSR&#8221; pour &#8220;Bottom-Simulating Reflector&#8221; (r\u00e9flecteur simulant le fond marin); ce que nous cherchons \u00e0 identifier, dans un premier temps, dans le cadre de cette mission.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Effectivement, comme je l&#8217;ai mentionn\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment dans la page &#8220;About&#8221; du blog (&#8220;A propos de&#8221; en fran\u00e7ais), l&#8217;objectif de la campagne ORV1415 est d&#8217;acqu\u00e9rir des donn\u00e9es de sismique r\u00e9flexion 2D et 3D, entre autres, afin d&#8217;identifier la pr\u00e9sence (ou non) d&#8217;un BSR dans les deux zones \u00e9tudi\u00e9es (structure en forme de fer \u00e0 cheval et volcans de boue).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Sur les donn\u00e9es de sismique r\u00e9flexion, le BSR corresponds \u00e0 un r\u00e9flecteur de forte amplitude, pr\u00e9sentant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une polarit\u00e9 inverse au fond marin et dont l&#8217;une des caract\u00e9ristiques particuli\u00e8res est de mimer la topographie de la zone \u00e9tudi\u00e9e (illustration n\u00b01). Ce r\u00e9flecteur (BSR) repr\u00e9sente la base de la Zone de Stabilit\u00e9 des Hydrates de Gaz (GHSZ en anglais) correspondant \u00e0 une zone o\u00f9 les conditions de pression et de temp\u00e9rature sont favorables \u00e0 leur d\u00e9veloppement et stabilit\u00e9 au sein des s\u00e9diments.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>La reconnaissance de BSR au large de Ta\u00efwan a un enjeu \u00e9conomique important puisque l&#8217;\u00eele ne dispose que de peu de ressources\u00a0 fossiles et d\u00e9pend principalement d&#8217;autres pays. Les hydrates de gaz ont donc une importance majeure \u00e0 Ta\u00efwan puisque ces derniers repr\u00e9sentent une potentielle future source d&#8217;\u00e9nergie.<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_448\" style=\"width: 490px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2014\/10\/P-Cable.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-448\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-448\" src=\"http:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2014\/10\/P-Cable-480x298.jpg\" alt=\"Detailed illustration of the P-Cable system. &lt;em&gt; Illustration d\u00e9taill\u00e9e du syst\u00e8me d'acquisition P-Cable.\" width=\"480\" height=\"298\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2014\/10\/P-Cable-480x298.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2014\/10\/P-Cable-1024x636.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-448\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detailed illustration of the P-Cable system. <em> Illustration d\u00e9taill\u00e9e du syst\u00e8me d&#8217;acquisition P-Cable.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>How do we collect a 3D cube (picture 3)?<\/p>\n<p>Acquisition of such cubes requires a specific geometry as concerns the deployment of the system itself (picture 2) and the design of the cube. Indeed, as mentioned previously in the post &#8220;What happened the last two days&#8221;, knowing the system geometry is important to relocate the position of each trace.\u00a0 As for the design of the cube,\u00a0 the spacing between each seismic line is important since it will determine the overlapping of the data, enabling the construction of the cube. In our experiment, seismic profils are located 75 meters apart from each other and a total of 34 lines have been designed. The 34 profils have been collected yet but the occurrence of strong currents within the last days shifted the position of the boat therefore, the position of the seismic lines which led to gaps. In order to obtain a full coverage of the area and a complete 3D-cube, we are currently shooting new seismic lines (picture 4).<\/p>\n<p><em>Comment collecte-t-on un cube sismique 3D\u00a0 (illustration 3)?<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>L&#8217;acquisition de telles donn\u00e9es requiert une g\u00e9om\u00e9trie bien particuli\u00e8re en ce qui concerne le d\u00e9ploiement du dispositif lui-m\u00eame (illustration 2) et l&#8217;architecture du cube (design). En effet, comme \u00e9voqu\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment dans le post &#8220;What happened the last two days&#8221;, il est important de conna\u00eetre parfaitement la g\u00e9om\u00e9trie du dispositif d&#8217;acquisition afin de relocaliser pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment chacune des traces acquises. L&#8217;espacement entre les profils sismiques est \u00e9galement important afin de recouvrir l&#8217;ensemble de la zone \u00e0 \u00e9tudier. En ce qui concerne l&#8217;architecture du cube sismique 3D au-dessus de la zone du volcan de boue, l&#8217;espacement entre chaque profil est de 75 m\u00e8tres et 34 profils sismiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9finis. A l&#8217;heure actuelle, les 34 profils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 collect\u00e9s mais le courant ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 important ces derniers jours, la position du bateau a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u00e9g\u00e8rement d\u00e9cal\u00e9e par rapport \u00e0 sa position initiale souhait\u00e9e, conduisant \u00e0 des zones dites &#8220;non-\u00e9clair\u00e9es&#8221; (c.-\u00e0-d., sans donn\u00e9es). Afin de rem\u00e9dier \u00e0 cela et obtenir un cube 3D complet, nous sommes actuellement en train d&#8217;acqu\u00e9rir de nouvelles donn\u00e9es le long de nouveaux profils sismiques d\u00e9finis en d\u00e9but de matin\u00e9e (illustration n\u00b04). <\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_447\" style=\"width: 490px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2014\/10\/Formosa.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-447\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-447\" src=\"http:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2014\/10\/Formosa-480x258.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration of a 3D cube gathered by the P-Cable system. Illustration d'un cube simisque 3D acquis avec le systeme P-Cable.\" width=\"480\" height=\"258\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2014\/10\/Formosa-480x258.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2014\/10\/Formosa-1024x552.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2014\/10\/Formosa.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-447\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration of a 3D cube gathered by the P-Cable system. <em> Illustration d&#8217;un cube simisque 3D acquis avec le systeme P-Cable.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_451\" style=\"width: 490px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2014\/10\/3D-coverage.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-451\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-451\" src=\"http:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2014\/10\/3D-coverage-480x270.jpg\" alt=\"Coverage of the 3D data collected up to now (white dots). &lt;em&gt; Couverture des donn\u00e9es 3D acquises jusqu'alors (points blancs). Photo: Elodie Lebas\" width=\"480\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2014\/10\/3D-coverage-480x270.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2014\/10\/3D-coverage-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2014\/10\/3D-coverage.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-451\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coverage of the 3D data collected up to now (white dots). <em> Couverture des donn\u00e9es 3D acquises jusqu&#8217;alors (points blancs). Photo: Elodie Lebas<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Since the 27th of September, we are collecting 3D seismic data above the mud volcano area. The aim of collecting such data is to look into the seafloor sediments in the three directions of space: X (latitude), Y (longitude) and Z (depth) and identify the geological features and structures present underneath. The information given by [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":100,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/363","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/100"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=363"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/363\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":453,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/363\/revisions\/453"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=363"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=363"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oceanblogs.org\/being-a-young-marine-scientist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}